GRE考试试题（四）

GRE考试试题（四）

我们整理了以下内容 #

Time –30 minutes

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38 Questions #

1. Because the monkeys under study are ---- the #

presence of human beings, they typically ----

human observers and go about their business

(A) ambivalent about .. welcome #

(B) habituated to .. disregard

(C) pleased with .. snub

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(D) inhibited by .. seek

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(E) unaware of .. avoid

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2. Give he previously expressed interest and the

ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senator’s

attempt to convince the public that she is not inter-

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ested in running for a second term is ----. #

(A) laudable

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(B) likely #

(C) authentic #

(D) futile #

(E) sincere

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3. Many of her followers remain ---- to her, and #

even those who have rejected her leadership are

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unconvinced of the ---- of replacing her during #

the current turmoil. #

(A) opposed.. urgency #

(B) friendly.. harm

#

(C) loyal.. wisdom

(D) cool.. usefulness #

(E) sympathetic.. disadvantage #

4. Unlike many recent interpretations of Beethoven’s #

piano sonatas, the recitalist’s performance was a #

delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless,

it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ----.

#

(A) appealing #

(B) exuberant #

(C) idiosyncratic #

(D) unskilled #

(E) controlled #

5. Species with relatively ---- metabolic rates, including

hibernators, generally live longer than those whose #

metabolic rates are more rapid. #

(A) prolific

(B) sedentary #

(C) sluggish #

(D) measured #

(E) restive #

6. Belying his earlier reputation for ---- as a negotiator, #

Morgan had recently assumed a more ---- stance

for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.

(A) intransigence.. conciliatory

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(B) impropriety.. intolerant #

(C) inflexibility.. unreasonable

#

(D) success.. authoritative #

(E) incompetence.. combative

7. Although Irish literature continued to flourish after #

the sixteenth century, a ---- tradition is ----

in the visual arts: we think about Irish culture in terms of

the word, not in terms of pictorial images.

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(A) rich.. superfluous

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(B) lively.. found

(C) comparable.. absent

(D) forgotten.. apparent #

(E) lost.. extant

#

8. SILVER: TARNISH::

(A) gold: burnish第一考试网整理 #

(B) steel: forge

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(C) iron: rust #

(D) lead: cast

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(E) tin: shear

9. DISLIKE: LOATHING:: #

(A) appreciation: gratification #

(B) hunger: appetite #

(C) void: dearth #

(D) pleasure: bliss #

(E) pain: ache

10. CRAVEN: HEROIC::

(A) unruly: energetic #

(B) listless: attractive

(C) volatile: constant

(D) deft: trifling

(E) awkward: amusing

11. FILLY: HORSE:: #

(A) antennae: butterfly

#

(B) pullet: chicken

(C) gaggle: goose

(D) duck: drake #

(E) wasp: bee #

12. PITHINESS: APHORISM:: #

(A) craft: art

#

(B) detail: sketch

#

(C) illusion: story #

(D) exaggeration: caricature #

(E) sophistication: farce #

13. EPHEMERAL: ENDURING::

(A) infirm: healing

(B) insensitive: cooperating #

(C) inanimate: living

#

(D) interminable: continuing #

(E) ineffectual: proceeding #

14. POSTURER: UNAFFECTED:: #

(A) brat: insolent

(B) hypocrite: perceptive #

(C) grouch: respected

#

(D) bigot: tolerant #

(E) rogue: empathetic #

15. FACETIOUS: SPEECH::

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(A) precocious: learning

#

(B) unbecoming: color #

(C) exemplary: conduct

(D) craven: timidity #

(E) antic: behavior

16. VAGARY: PREDICT:: #

(A) quotation: misdirect #

(B) investigation: confirm

#

(C) stamina: deplete #

(D) turbulence: upset #

(E) impossibility: execute #

This is not to deny that the Black gospel music of the #

early twentieth century differed in important ways from the

#

slave spirituals. Whereas spirituals were created and dis- #

seminated in folk fashion, gospel music was composed,

#

(5) published, copyrighted, and sold by professionals. Never-

theless, improvisation remained central to gospel music.

#

One has only to listen to the recorded repertoire of gospel #

songs to realize that Black gospel singers rarely sang a #

song precisely the same way twice and never according to

(10)its exact musical notation. They performed what jazz musi- #

cians call "head arrangements" proceeding from their own

#

feelings and from the way "the spirit" moved them at the

#

time. This improvisatory element was reflected in the man-

#

ner in which gospel music was published. Black gospel #

(15)composers scored the music intended for White singing #

groups fully, indicating the various vocal parts and the

accompaniment, but the music produced for Black singers

#

included only a vocal line and piano accompaniment. #

17.Which of the following best describes "head arrange- #

ment" as the term is used in line 11? #

(A) A published version of a gospel song produced for #

use by Black singers #

(B) A gospel song based on a slave spiritual #

(C) A musical score shared by a gospel singer and a

#

jazz musician

(D) An informally written composition intended for

use by a gospel singer

#

(E) An improvised performance inspired by the #

singer’s emotions

#

18.The author mentions "folk fashion" (line 4) most likely

in order to

#

(A) counter an assertion about the role of improvi-

#

sation in music created by Black people #

(B) compare early gospel music with gospel music #

written later in the twentieth century #

(C) make a distinction between gospel music and #

slave spirituals #

(D) introduce a discussion about the dissemination of #

slave spirituals

#

(E) describe a similarity between gospel music and #

slave spirituals #

19.The passage suggests which of the following about #

Black gospel music and slave spirituals?

#

(A) Both became widely known in the early twentieth #

century. #

(B) Both had an important improvisatory element.

#

(C) Both were frequently performed by jazz #

musicians. #

(D) Both were published with only a vocal line and

piano accompaniment. #

(E) Both were disseminated chiefly by Black singing #

groups.

20.Of the following sentences, which is most likely to

#

have immediately preceded the passage?

(A) Few composers of gospel music drew on traditions

such as the spiritual in creating their songs. #

(B) Spirituals and Black gospel music were derived #

from the same musical tradition. #

(C) The creation and singing of spirituals, practiced by

#

Black Americans before the Civil War, continued

after the war.

(D) Spirituals and gospel music can be clearly

distinguished from one another. #

(E) Improvisation was one of the primary charac-

#

teristics of the gospel music created by Black

musicians.

#

About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist

Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates #

chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to the #

Arrhenius equation, chemical reaction are increasingly #

(5) unlikely to occur as temperatures approach absolute zero, #

and at absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin, or minus 273

#

degrees Celsius) reactions stop. However, recent experi- #

mental evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equa-

#

tion is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical #

(10)reaction that occurs at relatively high temperatures, at tem- #

peratures closer to zero a quantum- mechanical effect known #

as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chem- #

ical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classi-

#

cal chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can "tunnel"

#

(15)through the barriers of repulsive forces from other mole-

#

cules and chemically react even though these molecules do

not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry,

#

to overcome the repulsive barrier. #

The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the tem-

(20)perature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very #

important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any #

molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-

#

called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corre-

sponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of #

(25)one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical #

chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by #

going over the potential barrier between the wells, the

#

height of which remains constant and is called the activa- #

tion energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting mole-

#

(30)cules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another

well without having to rise over the barrier between the

#

two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept

#

of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which

tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transi-

(35)tions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum #

counterpart. #

This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures

suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life:

the formation of rather complex organic molecules in the #

(40)deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach #

only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays (high-energy pro- #

tons and other particles) might trigger the synthesis of

simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in

dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic #

(45)molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means

#

of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and #

Wickramasinghe argued that molecules of interstellar form- #

aldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides #

such as cellulose and starch. Theirconclusions, although #

(50)strongly disputed, have generated excitement among inves- #

tigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic #

clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of

#

compounds necessary to life occurred.

#

21.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) describing how the principles of classical chem- #

istry were developed

(B) initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical

#

reactions required for the development of life

#

(C) explaining how current research in chemistry may be #

related to broader biological concerns

#

(D) reconciling opposing theories about chemical reac-

#

tions #

(E) clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of clas-

sical chemistry #

22.According to the passage, classical chemical reactions #

and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the fol-

lowing ways?

(A) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules have #

to rise over the barrier between the two wells.

#

(B) In both types of reactions, a transition is made

#

from the bottom of one potential well to the

bottom of another. #

(C) In neither type of reaction does the height of the

#

barrier between the wells remain constant. #

(D) In neither type of reaction does the rate of a

#

chemical reaction depend on its activation #

energy.

#

(E) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are #

able to go through the barrier between the two wells. #

23. According to the Arrhenius equation as discussed in

#

the passage, which of the following statements about #

chemical reactions is true? #

(A) Chemical reactions are less likely to occur at tem-

#

peratures close to absolute zero.

#

(B) In some cases the rate of a chemical reaction is

related to temperature and in other cases it is

#

not. #

(C) Chemical reactions frequently occur at a few

#

degrees above absolute zero, but they are very

unpredictable.

(D) The rate of a chemical reaction depends on many

other factors besides temperature.

#

(E) Chemical reaction rate and temperature are not #

related. #

24.The author’s attitude toward the theory of a cold pre- #

history of life can best be described as #

(A) neutral #

(B) skeptical

#

(C) mildly positive

(D) very supportive #

(E) pointedly critical #

25.The author’s hypothesis concerning be cold prehistory #

of life would be most weakened if which of the follow- #

ing were true? #

(A)Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of

simple molecules.

(B)Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of tem- #

peratures around zero degrees Kelvin.

(C)The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be #

activated by means other than cosmic rays.

(D)Simple molecules can be synthesized by means of

tunneling. #

(E)Classical chemical reactions do not occur at tem-

peratures close to absolute zero. #

26.Which of the following best describes the hypothesis #

of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe as it is presented in the #

passage? #

(A) Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex #

organic molecules. #

(B) The galactic clouds are the places where prebio-

logical evolution of compounds necessary to life #

occurred.

#

(C) Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by

#

tunneling.

(D) Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve #

into complex organic molecules.

#

(E) Complex organic molecules can be synthesized #

from stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and #

starch.

27.Which of the following best describes the organization #

of the first two paragraphs of the passage?

(A) The author cites a basic principle of classical

#

chemistry and then describes the research from

which that principle was developed. #

(B) The author cites an apparent contradiction to

#

the principles of classical chemistry and then #

explains the process of a chemical reaction to

#

show there is in fact no contradiction. #

(C) the author describes the role of heat in chemical #

reactions and then offers a detailed explanation #

of its function.

(D) The author presents a law of classical chemistry in #

order to introduce a kind of chemical reaction

#

that differs from it and then explains the essen- #

tial difference between the two. #

(E) The author presents the fundamental rules of clas-

sical chemistry in order to introduce an explana-

tion of a specific chemical reaction. #

28. PREFACE: #

(A) improvisation

#

(B) burlesque #

(C) epilogue #

(D) tangent

#

(E) backdrop

29. DEBILITATE:

(A) implicate

(B) invigorate #

(C) obfuscate #

(D) realign #

(E) encumber

30. TASTY:

(A) uninteresting #

(B) unfamiliar #

(C) unexpected #

(D) understated #

(E) undervalued #

31. ABNEGATE: #

(A) refresh

(B) reaffirm #

(C) relieve #

(D) react #

(E) reform #

32. SERRIED: #

(A) partially formed

(B) widely separated #

(C) narrowly missed #

(D) extremely grateful第一考试网整理 #

(E) reasonably clean #

33. BOMBASTIC:

(A) unflappable

#

(B) uninspired

#

(C) unpretentious

#

(D) inscrutable #

(E) incisive #

34. BANAL:

(A) comfortable

(B) novel

(C) equal

#

(D) fatal

#

(E) competent #

35. LANGUISH:

(A) agitate

#

(B) wander #

(C) relieve

#

(D) discomfit

(E) thrive

#

36. ENNUI: #

(A) intimidation

#

(B) sleaze #

(C) faint recollection

#

(D) keen interest #

(E) deep reservation

37.DAUNTLESS: #

(A) sophomoric #

(B) trifling

(C) pusillanimous

#

(D) specious

#

(E) parsimonious

38.TEMERITY: #

(A) credibility #

(B) authority #

(C) celebrity #

(D) acrimony

(E) circumspection

#